IFourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) izindlela ezintsha zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ukuze impilo yabantu ibe ngcono futhi ibe lula.
Isibonelo salobu buchwepheshe kungaba amarobhothi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-artificial intelligence ne-nanotechnology.
Lobu buchwepheshe bungasetshenziswa ezimbonini ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula kanti bungasetshenziswa futhi nasemakhaya ukuthuthukisa impilo yabantu.
Ama-Industrial Revolution asebe nomthelela omkhulu endleleni esikhiqiza ngayo imikhiqizo, izindawo esihlala kuzona nendlela esidlondlobala ngayo ukuze sibe abantu abaphucuzekile.
I-Industrial Revolution yokuqala yaqala ukubonakala ngeminyaka yo-1760 kuya ku-1840, lapho kwaqala khona ukusetshenziswa izinto ezifana namalahle, i-ayina, ujantshi wesitimela nezindwangu.
Kwabe sekulandela eyesibili eyabonakala ngo-19th century, lapho kwaqala khona ukuba nezinto ezifana nogesi, uphethroli, uthelefoni nensimbi. Eyesithathu yona yafika ne-internet, ugesi ophehliwe nokunye.
Njengoba sazi ukuthi umhlaba wethu uya ngokuhlakanipha kanti futhi lonke ushintsho olwenzekayo luba nobuhle kanjalo nobubi balo. Nayo-ke iFourth Industrial Revolution iza nobuhle nobubi bayo.
Ubuhle be-4IR ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, ukwenza izinto eziningi esingabala kuzona nokusindiswa kwempilo yabantu abagulayo. ISouth African National Blood Services isiqalile ukusebenzisa umshini osandiza encane (drone) ukuthumela igazi ezibhedlela kanti lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi labo abasuke belidinga balithola ngokushesha. Lokhu futhi kusho ukuthi uMnyango wezeMpilo uzokwazi ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthuthwa kwegazi lisuswa kwenye indawo liyiswa kwenye.
Obunye ubuchwepheshe obuza ne-4IR ukwenyuka kwezinga lokusetshenziswa kwama-banking app. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu benza izidingo ezithinta imali kumaselula nakumakhompyutha ngaphandle kokuya emabhange kanti konga isikhathi nemali ngoba ukusebenzisa i-app akudli kakhulu ephaketheni. Yize ukusetshenziswa kwama-app kwenza impilo yabantu ibe lula, kepha lokhu kusho ukulahleka kwemisebenzi kulabo abasebenza emabhange bese kwenyuka inani labangasebenzi kuleli.
Ongoti bacebisa abantu ngokubaluleka kokuzihlinzeka ngamakhono azokwazi ukumelana nalezi zinguquko ezenzekayo ukuze bezokwazi ukuqhubeka nokuziphilisa.
USolwazi wezomnotho uMnuz Bonke Dumisa uthi, okubalulekile ukuthi abantu “bakhule” ukuze bamelane noshintsho.
“Kubalulekile ukuzihlinzeka ngamakhono ahlukahlukene ukuze noma izinkampani zidiliza zingabadilizi labo abanamakhono amaningi. Kufanele siwumphakathi sibe neqiniso ukuthi ayikho into abaqashi abangayenza ngalento ngoba lolu shintsho lwenzeka yonke indawo futhi hhayi ukuthi abaqashi abanalo uzwelo,” kusho uDumisa.
Amazwe ahamba phambili nge-Artificial Intelligence (AI) i-US, iChina, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Russia namanye. Lamazwe aseqalile ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe be-AI ukuhlola abagulayo bathole izifo ezibagulisayo ngokushesha. Lokhu kulekelela ekutheni labo abagulayo baluthole ngokushesha usizo olungasindisa impilo yabo.
Yize iNingizimu Afrika ingakaqali ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AI, kepha uhulumeni uzibophezele ukulandela lokhu osekwenziwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngesikhathi ethula inkulumo yakhe kwiDigital Economy Summit, uMengameli uMnuz Cyril Ramaphosa uthe, uhulumeni uzibophezele ukuqeqesha abantu abasha abangu-1 million ngekhono le-data science nobunye ubuchwepheshe ngonyaka ka-2030.
“Sizofaka izifundo ze-coding ne-data analytics ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi ukuhlinzeka abantu bethu ngamakhono alungele imisebenzi. Ngalobu buchwepheshe sizoqala izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza emikhakheni efana nezempilo, ukulwa nobugebengu, ezemfundo, ezokuthutha nezinye. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi sikwenza kangcono ukuhanjiswa kwezidingo kubantu bakuleli,” kusho uRamaphosa.
Enye imboni ezimisele ngokulandela lezi nguquko eziza ne-4IR imboni yezolimo. Abalimi bakuleli bazimisele ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi liyanyuka inani lemikhiqizo yabo, ukuze bakwazi ukumelana nezidingo zabantu ezinyuka imihla namalanga. ISouth African Agricultural Trade Show yakulo nyaka ikuveze kwahlala obala ukuthi abalimi abafuni ukusala ngaphandle. Lo mcimbi owawuseBothaville eFree State wawuhanjelwe izivakashi ezingaphezu kuka-80 000 kanti abalimi babecobelelana ngobuchwepheshe obulekelela ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo eminingi futhi esezingeni.
Ekhuluma kulo mbukiso, uSolwazi Louis Fourie uthe, ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-AI Farm Management Systems, ukuhlaziywa kwemininingwano eminingi kanye namarobhothi sebuyishintshe kakhulu imboni yezolimo.
“Lokhu sekuholele ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo eminingi, imikhiqizo esezingeni, ukuncipha kwezindleko kanye nokukhiqiza ukudla okunomsoco,” kusho uFourie.